Ibrahim Öztürk

visiting professor of economics at the University of Duisburg- Essen, Institute of East Asian Studies IN-EAST and senior economy researcher at the European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Brussels. The author would like to thank Prof. Werner Pascha (Chair of Japan-Korea Economic Studies) and all IN- EAST members for their generous cooperation and the Philipp Schwartz Initiative (PSI) financial support for this research.