Gesellschaft Society (Page 7)

Nr. 105 (2007) Artikel Article 16–32 {:en}Exploring the Realities of Japanese Civil Society through ComparisonHas an “associational revolution” taken place in Japan’s civil society? Is civil society in Japan “robust?” We try to provide an answer to these interesting questions by drawing on data we have accumulated from a comparative survey of civil society organizations conducted between 1997 and 2007 in ten countries, including Japan, South Korea, the United … von by Yutaka Tsujinaka, Jae-Young Choe und and Takafumi Ohtomo
Nr. 105 (2007) Artikel Article 33–47 {:de}Die Rolle des Internets für die Stärkung der japanischen ZivilgesellschaftThe concept of civil society in Japan today is generally associated with non-profit organisations (NPOs). Japanese NPOs are characterised by having little political influence, few financial and personal resources and by suffering from lack of members. The paper argues that increasing their membership is essential for the reinforcement of Japanese NPOs. The main assumption is … von by Julia Canstein
Nr. 105 (2007) Artikel Article 48–67 {:de}Zivilgesellschaft in Südkorea: Besonderheiten und HerausforderungenSouth Korea’s civil society developed in a long struggle for a just society and democracy. During this process distinctive perceptions and expectations of civil society were formed, such as high moral standards, an emphasis on the common good and an aversion to special interests. The role and political impact of civil society have increased considerably … von by Eun-Jeung Lee
Nr. 105 (2007) Artikel Article 68–90 {:en}Civil Society in Vietnam. Social Organisations and Approaches to New ConceptsThe concept of civil society is not familiar in the Vietnamese context, which is based on Marxist-Leninist concepts in the official political terminology of the one-party state maintained by the Communist Party. However, the term is increasingly being employed by scholars and practitioners, and even the state is beginning to open up to its use. … von by Irene Nørlund
Nr. 104 (2007) Artikel Article 34–43 {:en}Recent Developments in Kabul’s Shar-e-Naw and Central Bazaar DistrictsThis paper focuses on recent infrastructural and functional changes in two central areas of Kabul, namely, Shar-e-Naw and the bazaar area. While the latter got the impetus for its reconstruction from the fact that it was one of Kabul's most severely destroyed areas, the opposite holds true for Shar-e-Naw which recently suffered from a more … von by Andreas Dittmann
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Nr. 104 (2007) Artikel Article 44–50 {:en}Democratic Articulations of Cultural Identity: The Arts in AfghanistanThe article “Democratic Articulations of Cultural Identity: The Arts in Afghanistan” discusses the hypothesis that artists can become protagonists of a new democratic culture through the possibility they have of creatively shaping the public sphere. Artists in post-war societies find themselves confronted with the experience of being marginalized, ridiculed and prosecuted. The artists’ creativity is … von by Felicia Herrschaft
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Nr. 104 (2007) Artikel Article 51–64 {:en}Kabul’s Urban Identity: An Overview of the Socio-Political Aspects of DevelopmentWhen passing through Kabul today, it is obvious that huge glass facades have been introduced as a new element in the urban appearance of the city. It seems that many commercial and private buildings sparkling like glass palaces in the mud-brown landscape of Kabul represent a new modernity. In fact, since the fall of the … von by Christine Issa und and Sardar M. Kohistani
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Nr. 104 (2007) Artikel Article 65–70 {:en}The „Enclaved“ Culture of Parun in Former KafiristanThe former region of Kafiristan or "Land of Heathens", renamed Nuristan or "Land of Light" after its forced Islamisation at the end of the 19th century, is a special case in virtually all respects – firstly because of its long survival as an "enclaved" cultural retreat in the midst of the Islamic world with strong … von by Max Klimburg
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Nr. 104 (2007) Artikel Article 71–87 {:en}„Where Is the Village?“ Local Perceptions and Development Approaches in Kunduz ProvinceBased on research in Kunduz, a province in northeast Afghanistan, this paper argues that the 'Western' notion of a 'village' cannot be automatically applied to local contexts in other regions of the world. The perception that villages are the only type of rural settlement that exists is a very modern one. It reflects the fact … von by Katja Mielke und and Conrad Schetter
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Nr. 104 (2007) Artikel Article 88–105 {:en}The Man Outside: The Problem with the External Perception of Afghanistan in Historical SourcesThe article aims to unravel the biases of those sources relating to modern Afghan history, which were written by foreigners. In fact, these make up the bulk of the available source material. The recurring attitudes range from colonial chauvinism to a perpetuated myth of Afghanistan as the last bastion of the wild and uncivilized East, … von by Marcus Schadl
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Nr. 104 (2007) Artikel Article 106–18 {:en}Recent Developments in Afghan Family Law: Research AspectsIn 1985 the Afghan jurist Hāšim Kamālī wrote the following in his book Law in Afghanistan: In Afghanistan, a man may acquire a wife in any one of the following four ways: he may inherit a widow, gain a bride in exchange marriage, gain a bride as compensation for a crime of which he or … von by Irene Schneider
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Nr. 104 (2007) Artikel Article 119–34 {:en}Imaginations of a Country. Spatial Perceptions and Mental Mapping in HeratThis article is based on field research carried out in Herat. It focuses on mental mapping as a means for the investigation of spatial perceptions and illustrates the importance of such perceptions in the context of the regional orientation of one of Afghanistan's key cities and its inhabitants. In discussing contrasts between individual perceptions and … von by Andreas Wilde
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Nr. 104 (2007) Artikel Article 135–52 {:en}The Dāyı ~ Kārgıl of Andkhoy: Language, History and Typical Professions. Discourses on Local IdentityOn Turkological ground, the existence of “small groups of Khorassanian Turkic speakers along the Amu Darya” had been postulated years ago. Field research in Andkhoy, the northwestern most town of Afghanistan, seems to have yielded proof of this assumption: The Dayı / Kārgıl of the Andkhoy oasis in fact speak a dialect that comes close … von by Ingeborg Baldauf
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Nr. 104 (2007) Asien Aktuell 166–75 {:de}Demokratie und Tradition im Königreich Tonga: ‚Königliche Republik‘? Zur gegenwärtigen politischen Situation auf Tonga und ihrer GeschichteDie politischen Unruhen des Jahres 2006 im Königreich Tonga haben gezeigt, dass sich der "Arc of Instability" (May 2003) Melanesiens durchaus auch auf das polynesische Tonga ausbreiten könnte. Zwar droht der Staat hier nicht zu zerfallen. Es ist aber eine zunehmende Unzufriedenheit der Tonganer mit der politischen Situation im Lande feststellbar. Bereits in der Vergangenheit … von by Andreas Holtz
Nr. 103 (2007) Editorial 7–8 {:en}Megacities in AsiaThis year, in 2007, according to the United Nations, more than half of the world's population live in cities - an increase from 30% in 1950 to 47% in 2000 - and the increase will probably reach 60% in 2030. Particularly in developing countries of Asia and Africa urbanization is proceeding rapidly. Megacities, i.e. cities … von by Frauke Kraas
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Nr. 103 (2007) Artikel Article 9–22 {:en}Megacities and Global Change in East, Southeast and South AsiaMegacities have particular significance in the world-wide process of urbanisation: In the year 2015, more than 600 million people will be living in about 60 megacities worldwide (i.e. metropolises with more than 5 million people). Under the dynamics of global change they affect global change just as profoundly as global change can affect megacities. Often, … von by Frauke Kraas
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Nr. 103 (2007) Artikel Article 23–44 {:en}Informal Elements in Urban Growth Regulation in China – Urban Villages in NingboMassive rural-urban migration has always accompanied modern urbanisation; the volume of migration flows in contemporary China is, however, unique in history. Although cheap labour is an essential ingredient to the booming economy, the Chinese political-administrative system is ill prepared to accommodate the migrants in the rapidly growing conurbations. They are denied the status of urban … von by Qi Changqing, Volker Kreibich und and Sabine Baumgart
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Nr. 103 (2007) Artikel Article 45–58 {:en}Bangalore: Globalisation and Fragmentation in India’s Hightech-CapitalThe meteoric rise of the South Indian megacity of Bangalore (alias Bengaluru) to a globally integrated location of software development and other modern service industries produces profound changes in the metropolitan social map, creating aggravating disparities and a highly fragmented and polarised urban society. Bangalore is becoming what is called a multiply divided city where … von by Christoph Dittrich
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Nr. 103 (2007) Artikel Article 59–78 {:en}Housing for Low-income Groups in Ho Chi Minh City between Re-Integration and Fragmentation. Approaches to Adequate Urban Typologies and Spatial StrategiesThe metropolitan region of Ho Chi Minh City has been the greatest beneficiary of the ongoing transitional process in Vietnam, but this has been accompanied by a sharp rise of social polarization and spatial fragmentation. This paper analyzes the housing sector as an example of the complex dynamics of the transitional urban development. One of … von by Michael Waibel, Ronald Eckert, Michael Bose und and Volker Martin
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Nr. 102 (2007) Artikel Article 9–31 {:en}Right to Food, Food Security and Discrimination in the Indian ContextThe right to food is a much-debated issue throughout the world. This paper shows how India has accepted the concept of a right to food through its constitution, its legislation and court decisions that give the broadest legal meaning to this indispensable human right. At the practical level, India has achieved independence regarding its food … von by Jona Aravind Dohrmann und and Sukhadeo Thorat
Nr. 102 (2007) Artikel Article 32–46 {:de}Stabilitätsdefizite der philippinischen Demokratie unter ArroyoPolitical Instability and the Arroyo Presidency The political system of the Philippines has long been regarded as the most advanced democracy in Southeast Asia. This view definitely belongs to the past, however: ineffective policies, corruption, political violence, coup d’etats and popular uprisings that even topple democratically elected leaders like Estrada constantly threaten democracy in the … von by Howard Loewen
Nr. 102 (2007) Artikel Article 47–62 {:de}China als Motor der asiatischen Integration?China – the Engine Powering Asian Integration? Along with the economic rise of China, Asia's regional economic interdependence is also increasing. This article identifies four structural components inherent in this process: firstly, the increasing economic weight of China; secondly, the deterioration of China's terms of trade favouring countries with a (China) complementary supply structure; thirdly, … von by Hanns Günther Hilpert
Nr. 102 (2007) Asien Aktuell 63–75 {:de}Die Schatten der Vergangenheit – Aufarbeitungsversuche in Kambodscha zwischen hybriden Tribunalen und politischer ManipulationVom 28.-29. August 2006 fand in Phnom Penh die internationale Konferenz "Dealing with a Past Holocaust and National Reconciliation: Learning from Experiences" statt, die vom Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace und der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung organisiert wurde. Geladen waren (inter-)nationale Experten aus Deutschland, Osttimor, Sierra Leone, Japan, Indonesien sowie Mitglieder der kambodschanischen Zivilgesellschaft, Journalisten, Politiker und … von by Andrea Fleschenberg
Nr. 102 (2007) Asien Aktuell 76–86 {:de}Staatsstreich mit Ansage? Zur gegenwärtigen Krise auf Fiji und ihrer GeschichteFijis Staatsstreiche haben kulturelle, politische und wirtschaftliche Gründe. Der Hauptgrund indes dürfte in der Diskriminierungspolitik liegen, die in Fiji praktiziert wird. Die ethnische Fijian Supremacy, ausgedrückt im Landeigentum, basiert auf traditionellen Gesellschaftsstrukturen und -vorstellungen. Land und die Eigentumsrechte an demselben sind als solche in einer monetarisierten Gesellschaft relativ unbedeutend. Die Signifikanz von Land drückt sich … von by Andreas Holtz

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